La innovación: una revisión teórica desde la perspectiva de marketing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35319/g0epsy37Palabras clave:
Innovación, Globalización, Investigación y desarrollo, Alianzas estratégicasResumen
La globalización de los mercados y el auge de las alianzas estratégicas, la aparición de nuevos países competidores en cuestiones tecnológicas, la internacionalización creciente de las empresas y de las actividades de investigación e innovación, la imbricación de las ciencias y las tecnologías, el aumento de los costos de la investigación, el incremento del desempleo y factores sociales tales como el medioambiente, son fenómenos que han revolucionado tanto las condiciones de producción y difusión de las innovaciones como las razones que subyacen a la intervención de los poderes públicos en este ámbito. En este nuevo contexto, la capacidad de las instituciones y de las empresas para invertir en investigación y desarrollo, educación y formación, información, cooperación, y, de una forma más general, en intangibles, es determinante (Watts & Zimmerman, 1978).
Muchos estudios se han realizado acerca de la innovación, desde distintas áreas del conocimiento humano como la psicología, antropología, sociología y ciencias administrativas (Cooper, 1984; Hurley & Hult, 1998); sin embargo, no existe una única definición lo que origina una serie de confusiones respecto a su aplicación, estos problemas han llevado a una afanosa búsqueda para encontrar un significado consensuado (Wolfe, 1994). En este artículo se presentan algunos conceptos de innovación, su importancia, tipologías y formas de medición.
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