Proper Source Attribution
It is essential that all information sources and claims included in the manuscript are clearly identified, so that the reader can precisely distinguish between the author's original contributions and those drawn from external sources. In accordance with academic writing standards, the author is obligated to properly credit the authors whose ideas or works have served as a foundation for the development of the research. Failure to correctly attribute sources may constitute a form of plagiarism.
The most common forms of plagiarism in printed publications include:
- Submitting a manuscript written by another person as one's own.
- Reproducing ideas or textual fragments without proper acknowledgment of the original author.
- Including direct quotations without using quotation marks or proper block indentation; using italics alone is not sufficient to indicate a literal transcription.
- Making superficial modifications to an original text (e.g., changing a few words but retaining the syntactic structure) without crediting the source (commonly known as patchwriting).
- Providing incorrect or false references for cited sources, both within the text and in the reference list.
Plagiarism constitutes a criminal offense under Bolivian law, as established in Article 362 of the Penal Code. The journal Perspectivas considers that the submission of a manuscript constitutes a tacit declaration by the author, guaranteeing that no act of plagiarism or any other conduct that compromises fair recognition of others' work has been committed.
Nonetheless, as part of the editorial protocol, all submitted manuscripts will be processed through a plagiarism detection and citation verification system, designed to identify potential cases of plagiarism regardless of the language in which the text is written.
Before being sent for peer review, the author will receive a declaration form that must be completed with their name and signature. This document serves as a statement confirming that the submitted work meets the journal’s originality and academic ethics standards.
