Liderazgo para el bien común: la adaptación de una escala y su validación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35319/perspectivas.202556290Palabras clave:
liderazgo, bien común, validación, análisis factorial confirmatorioResumen
El objetivo de este estudio es adaptar una escala de liderazgo para el bien común en dos sentidos; primero, en reformular teóricamente algunas de las dimensiones y, con base en ello, adecuar los ítems utilizados; segundo, profundizar en la validación del modelo de medida que subyace de la misma, todo ello a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. El instrumento tipo Likert de 7 puntos fue aplicado a una muestra de 658 estudiantes universitarios en donde el 62.9% eran hombres y el 37.1% mujeres, todos ellos con edades que iban desde los 18 a los 26 años. Después de algunos ajustes, se tiene como resultado una adaptación de la escala de medición de liderazgo para el bien común con diez dimensiones que miden lo ideal y lo real y, además, presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas de confiabilidad y validez.
Descargas
Referencias
Ahmad, S., Zulkurnain, N. N. A., & Khairushalimi, F. I. (2016). Assessing the validity and reliability of a measurement model in structural equation modeling (SEM). Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science, 15(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMCS/2016/25183
Alzola, M. (2015). The possibility of virtue. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(2), 377-404. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq201222224
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
Anderson, M. C., & Sun, P. Y. T. (2017). Reviewing Leadership Styles: Overlaps and the Need for a New ‘Full-Range’ Theory. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 76-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12082
de Aquino, T. (2005). Suma de Teología III. Parte II-II(a). Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos.
de Aquino, T. (2006a). Suma de Teología I. Parte I. Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos.
de Aquino, T. (2006b). Suma de Teología. Parte I-II. Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos.
Aristóteles. (2019). Ética a Nicómaco. Ética a Eudemo. Gredos.
Bandalos, D. L. (2014). Relative performance of categorical diagonally weighted least squares and robust maximum likelihood estimation. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(1), 102-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.859510
Battaly, H. (2022). Solidarity: Virtue or Vice. En M. Alfano, J. de Ridder, & C. Klein (Eds.), Social Virtue Epistemology (pp. 303-324). Routledge.
Baviera, T., English, W., & Guillén, M. (2016). The ‘Logic of Gift’: Inspiring Behavior in Organizations beyond the Limits of Duty and Exchange. Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(2), 159-180. https://doi.org/10.1017/beq.2016.26
Benedicto XVI. (2008). Discurso del santo padre Benedicto XVI a los participantes en la XIV sesión plenaria de la academia pontificia de ciencias sociales. La Santa Sede. https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/es/speeches/2008/may/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20080503_social-sciences.html
Bentler, P.M. (1992). On the fit of models to covariances and methodology to the Bulletin. Psychological Bulletin, 112(3), 400-404. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.3.400
Bermúdez-Peña, C. P., Flores-Agüero, F., y Escott-Mota, M. P. (2023). El bien común como parte de los programas de estudios. En C. C. Peña-Estrada, M. R. Carranza-Alcántar, R. Ruiz-Sánchez, C. Islas-Torres (Eds.), Enfoques innovadores en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las universidades hispanohablantes, 158-166. Editorial Dykinson.
Bruno, D. (2020). The integral common good: implications for Melé’s seven key practices of humanistic management. Humanistic Management Journal, 5(1), 7-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-020-00083-w
Burelli, C. (2018). Solidarity, stability and enlightened self-interest in the EU. Politiche sociali, 5(3), 449-464.
Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Publishers.
Cañizares, J., Copeland, S., & Doorn, N. (2021). Making sense of Resilience. Sustainability, 13(15), 8538. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158538
Celis, A. (2016). Congruencia, integridad y transparencia. El legado de Carl Rogers. Polis Revista Latinoamericana, 15, 1-14.
Chrislip, D. D., & O’Malley, E. (2013). For the Common Good: Redefining Civic Leadership. Wichita: KCL Press.
Cirami, F., & Garro, M. (2015). Building resilience due to violence: The struggles of Mexican communities. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 14(3), 45-52.
Clark, M. J. (2019). Pope Francis and the Christological Dimensions of Solidarity in Catholic Social Teaching. Theological Studies, 80(1), 102-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040563918819818
Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
Crosby, B. C., & Bryson, J. M. (2005). Leadership for the Common Good: Tackling public problems in a shared-power world. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Curren, R., & Kotzee, B. (2014). Can virtue be measured? Theory and Research in Education, 12(3), 266-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878514545205
Dorion, L. A. (2018). Enkrateia et partition de l’âme chez Platon. Revue de Philosophie Ancienne, 36(2), 153-213. https://doi.org/10.3917/rpha.362.0153
Drumwright, M. E. (2014). Organizational Congruence with socially responsible behaviors. En R. P. Hill & R. Langan (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 91-107). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783476091.00011
Eichenseer, M. (2023). Leading-by-example in public goods experiments: What do we know? The Leadership Quarterly, 34(5), 101695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101695
Escott-Mota, M. P., Bermúdez-Peña, C. P., y Flores-Agüero, F. (2023). Análisis bibliométrico de la educación como bien común. Un enfoque en la transformación digital. Transdigital, 4(7), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.56162/transdigital200
Fernández-Hernández, J. L., Herranz-Hernández, P., & Segovia-Torres, L. (2022). Validación cruzada sobre una misma muestra: una práctica sin fundamento. Revista Electrónica de Metodología Aplicada, 24(1), 38-40. https://doi.org/10.17811/rema.24.1.2022.38-40
Fernández-Morilla, M., Albareda-Tiana, S., Fuertes-Camacho, M. T., Graell-Martín, M., & Jiménez-López, E. (2022). Propuesta Curricular de enseñanza de religión católica y promoción de la acción climática. Human Review. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades, 11(3), 1-13.
Figueroa-García, E. C., Gutiérrez-González, M. A., & Vizcaíno-Arredondo, J. M. (2024). Sustainable Consumption Behaviour and Common Goods: Education, Culture, Rule of Law, Work, and Solidarity. Futurity Economics and Law, 4(1), 169-193.
Finnis, J. (2011). Natural Law and Natural Rights. Oxford University Press.
Foran, M. (2023). Rights, Common Good, and the Separation of Powers. The Modern Law Review, 86(3), 599-628. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12769
Forero, C. G., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Gallardo-Pujol, D. (2009). Factor Analysis with Ordinal Indicators: A Monte Carlo Study Comparing DWLS and ULS Estimation. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 16(4), 625–641. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903203573
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluation structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
García-Alonso, L. Ética o Filosofía moral. Trillas.
Gino, F. (Noviembre-Diciembre 2019). Cracking the code of sustained collaboration. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2019/11/cracking-the-code-of-sustained-collaboration
Green, S. B., & Yang, Y. (2015). Evaluation of dimensionality in the assessment of internal consistency reliability: Coefficient alpha and omega coefficients. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 34(4), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12100
Gutiérrez-González, M. A. (2024). La política en el pensamiento de Santo Tomás de Aquino y Joseph Ratzinger. Tirant lo Blanch.
Hair, J. F., Black. W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Herman, M. H. (2019). Subjective Moral Biases & Fallacies: Developing Scientifically & Practically Adequate Moral Analogues of Cognitive Heuristics & Biases [Doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1555718254302922
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Jonas, M. (2017). Resentment of Advice and Norms of Advice. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 20(4), 813-828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-017-9816-z
Kanitsar, G. (2019). Solidarity through punishment: An experiment on the merits of centralized enforcement in generalized exchange. Social Science Research, 78, 156-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.12.012
Korobili, G. (2023). Eukrasia and Enkrateia: Greco-Roman Theories of Blending and the Struggle for Virtue. Early Science and Medicine, 28(3-5), 270-294. Https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230076
Malcón-Cervera, C., Montaudon-Tomas, C. M., Pinto-López, I. N., & Gutiérrez-González, M. A. (2021). Design and Validation of a Scale to Evaluate Common Good Leadership. Ethics, Economics, and Common Goods, 18(2), 80-109.
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Erlbaum.
Melé, D. (2024). What is the humanistic and ethical value of the “logic of gift” in business relationships? A conceptual approach. Business and Society Review, 129(1), 741-758. https://doi.org/10.1111/basr.12361
Montaudon-Tomas, C. M., Gutiérrez-González, M. A., Pinto-López, I. N., & Malcón-Cervera, C. M. (2021). Identifying the Theoretical Foundations for Common Good Leadership. Ethics, Economics, and Common Goods, 18(2), 41-79.
Moriarty, D. (2015). Practical Human Factors for Pilots. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-13582-9
Nebel, M. (2018). Operacionalizar el bien común. Teoría, vocabulario y medición. Metafísica y Persona, 10(20). https://doi.org/10.24310/Metyper.2018.v0i20.4830
Nebel, M., Garza-Vázquez, O., & Sedmak, C. (2022). A Common Good Approach to Development. Collective Dynamics of Development Processes. Open Book Publishers. https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0290
Rand, D. G., Yoeli, E., & Hoffman, M. (2014). Harnessing Reciprocity to Promote Cooperation and the Providing of Public Goods. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1(1), 263-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732214548426
Rubin, E. N. (2013). Assessing your leadership style to achieve organizational objectives. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 32(6), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.21515
Tatay-Nieto, J. (2020). Sustainability, the pontifical academy of sciences, and the catholic church’s ecological turn. Religions, 11(10), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11100488
The World Medical Association (WMA). (2013). Declaration of Helsinki. https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki/
Viladrich, C., Angulo-Brunet, A., & Doval, E. (2017). A journey around alpha and omega to estimate internal consistency reliability. Annals of Psychology, 33(3), 755-782. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.268401
Weston, R., & Gore, P. A. (2006). A Brief Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(5), 719-751. http://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286345
Wiles, J. L., & Kobayashi, A. (2020). Equity. En International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (285-290). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10175-1
Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., & Miller, M. W. (2013). Sample size requirements for structural equation models: an evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety. Educ Psychol Meas., 76(6), 913-934. http://doi.org/10.1177/0013164413495237
Xie, L. (2020). The impact of servant leadership and transformational leadership learning organization: a comparative analysis. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 41(2), 220-236. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-04-2019-0148
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Revista Perspectivas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
La Revista Perspectivas de la Universidad Católica Boliviana, es una revista de acceso abierto, por lo tanto, es de libre acceso en su integridad. Está permitida su lectura, búsqueda, descarga, distribución y reutilización legal en cualquier tipo de soporte únicamente para fines no comerciales, siempre y cuando la obra sea debidamente citada.
